Middle East Eye's Crusades quiz
The Crusades were a series of religious wars involving Christian armies during the Medieval ages that lasted for centuries and took place in many regions across Europe and the Middle East.
Officially, they referred to any conflict formally supported by the Roman Catholic Church and there are examples of Crusades between Christian armies and enemies, who included European Pagans and those deemed heretics.
In the popular imagination, however they most commonly refer to the series of wars between Christian and Muslim armies in the "Holy Land", roughly corresponding to Palestine, Israel and the wider Levant region.
These conflicts lasted between 1095 and 1291 and resulted in the initial Christian conquest of Jerusalem and later their expulsion by various Muslim armies, made up primarily of Arabs, Kurds and Turks.
Famed for legendary figures, such as the Islamic warrior Saladin, the English king Richard III and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, the Crusades were also known for instances of remarkable brutality.
The infamous Siege of Jerusalem in 1099, for example, culminated in the massacre of the city's Muslim and Jewish population by the Crusaders.
Also notable were groups, such as the enigmatic Order of Assassins; a group of warriors who targeted both Muslim and Christian figures in the region.
Here Middle East Eye tests your knowledge of one of the most dramatic episodes in medieval history: